Roman Numbers [ 1 to 100 ]
Roman numbers are a unique numeral system originating in ancient Rome. These numbers have remained in Europe until the Late Middle Ages. Alphabet letters are used in this system to represent Roman numerals. Before understanding the Roman numbers, first, see what Roman alphabets are because Roman alphabets denote Roman numbers.
There are only 23 alphabets in the Roman system. J, U, and W are not treated as roman letters from 26 English alphabets. There are as follows: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Y, and Z.
Also Read: Numbers in Words in English
Few important roam numbers denoted by roman letters are I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000.
The list of Roman Numbers from 1-100
The rules involved in writing the above Roman numbers are as follows:
- It will be added when a number symbol appears after a greater number symbol. For Example- VII = V + I + I = 5 + 1 +1 = 7.
- When a number symbol appears before a greater number symbol, it will be subtracted. For Example- IV = V – I = 5 – 1= 4.
- When a number symbol appears after a greater number symbol, it will be subtracted. For Example- XXV = X + X + V = 10 + 10 + 5 = 25.
- When a number symbol appears before a greater number symbol, it will be subtracted. For Example- XXXIX = X + X + X + X – I = 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 – 1 = 39.
To simplify it, break the number into Ones, Tens, Hundreds, and Thousands, and write it down.
Also Read: Girolamo Cardano- Man Behind Complex Numbers.
Convert 1985 to Roman Numerals
Break 1984 into 1000, 900, 80, and 5, and then do the conversion
1000 = M
900 = CM
90 = XC
5 = V
1000 + 900 + 80 + 5 = 1985, so 1985 = MCMXCV
Convert 2020 to Roman Numerals
Break 2020 into 1000, 1000, 10, and 10, and then do a conversion
1000 = M
1000 = M
10 = X
10 = X
1000 + 1000 + 10 + 10 = 2020, so 2020 = MMXX
Convert 1562 to Roman Numerals
Break 1562 into 1000, 500, 60, 2 and then do conversion
1000 = M
500 = D
60 = LX
2 = II
1000 + 500 + 60 + 2 = 1562, so 1562 = MDLXII
Convert 2658 to Roman Numerals
Break 2658 into 1000, 1000, 600, 50, 8, and then do the conversion
1000 = M
1000 = M
600 = DC
50 = L
8 = VIII
1000 + 1000 + 600 + 50 + 8 = 2658, so 2658 = MMDCLVIII
Also Read: How many zeroes in a Million, Billion, Trillion, Nonillion, Quadrillion, Sextillion, Googol
Now see the roman numbers from 100 -1000
| 100 | C | 600 | DC |
| 101 | CI | 601 | DCI |
| 109 | CIX | 609 | DCIX |
| 200 | CC | 700 | DCC |
| 201 | CCI | 701 | DCCI |
| 209 | CCIX | 709 | DCCIX |
| 300 | CCC | 800 | DCCC |
| 301 | CCCI | 801 | DCCCI |
| 309 | CCCIX | 809 | DCCCIX |
| 400 | CD | 899 | DCCCXCIX |
| 401 | CDI | 900 | DM |
| 409 | CDIX | 901 | DMI |
| 500 | D | 909 | DMIX |
| 501 | DI | 999 | DMXCIX |
| 509 | DIX | 1000 | M |
Rules to Convert Numbers to Roman Numerals
The three primary rules for reading and writing Roman numerals:
- Any letter can be repeated maximum for three times, for example, CCC= 300, XX= 20, and so on.
- If one or more letters are placed after another letter with greater value, then add that amount.
XII = 12 (10 + 2 = 12)
DCCC = 800 (500 + 100 + 100 + 100 = 800)
Example of additive Rule
| 265 | 100 + 100 + 50 + 10 + 5 | C + C + L + X + V | CCLXV |
| 133 | 100 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 3 | C + X + X + X + III | CXXXIII |
| 182 | 100 + 50 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 2 | C + L + X + X + X + II | CLXXXII |
- If a letter is placed before another letter of greater value, subtract that amount.
XC= 90 (100 – 10 = 90)
CM = 900 ( 1000 – 100 = 900 )
Example of Subtractive Rule
| 199 | 100 + (100 – 10) + (10 – 1) | C + X + C + I + X | CXCIX |
| 143 | 100 + (50 – 10) + 3 | C + L + X + III | CXLIII |
| 296 | 100 + 100 + (100 – 10) + 5 + 1 | C + C + X + C + V + I | CCXCVI |
More Examples:
123 CXXIII
189 CLXXXIX
256 CCLVI
294 CCXCIV
333 CCCXXXIII
369 CCCLXIX
452 CDLII
492 CDXCII
543 DXLIII
588 DLXXXVIII
654 DCLIV
691 DCXCI
710 DCCX
744 DCCXLIV
888 DCCCLXXXVIII
873 DCCCLXXIII
926 CMXXVI
985 CMLXXXV
| 1 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 1000 |
| I | V | X | L | C | M |
| 5000 | 10000 | 50000 | 100000 | 500000 | 1000000 |
| V¯ | X¯ | L¯ | C¯ | D¯ | M¯ |
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