Equivalent weight And It’s Calculation
The equivalent weight is defined as the weight (or mass) of a substance that contains a hydrogen ion(H+) or a hydroxide ion (−OH−). Acids are proton donors, while bases are proton acceptors. Gram equivalent weight is defined as the mass in grams numerically, which is equal to Equivalent Weight.
The equivalent weight of elements having more than one valencies is variable. Like Sulphur has 2, 4, 6 as valencies. So the equivalent weight of Sulphur will also be different for different valencies. ‘Equivalent weight’ allows us to give it a thought on the fact that atoms combine to form molecules in fixed number ratios rather than mass ratios.
Suppose the mass of a chemical entifactor is ‘g’ grams, then the given mass contains gram equivalents given by ‘valency factor× moles’.
Equivalent weight is given as moles × valency factor.
One mole of any substance is equal to 6.02 × 1023 (atoms or molecules) of that substance.
The general number of equivalents formula is
Euivalent=Molecular weight/charge number
Where charge number is the number of proton or hydroxide ions which the compound contains.
Equivalents of some Acids and bases are as follows
A gram equivalent (geq) is the weight of the substance in grams divided by its equivalent weight. It can also be articulated as the number of charge elements contained times the number of moles n.
The molecular weight of H2SO4
Molar mass of H2SO4 = 98.07848 g/mol
Equivalent weight of HCl
H = 1 g and CL = 35.5g
HCL = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5g
Equivalent weight of KMnO4
K = 39+ Mn 55 + O 4 (16X4) 64 =158 Mol wt
Eq. Wt may be 158/5 in acidic medium =31.2
In alkaline medium 158/3 = 52.7
Equivalent weight of Na2So3
Equivalent weight = molecule weight/n-factor = Molecular weight/2
This way , equivalent of Na₂CO₃ = 106/2 = 53
Equivalent weight of Sodium Thiosulphate
Molar mass of sodium thiosulfate=174.12
Equivalent weight of a salt is = molar mass /charge on positive ion=174.12/1=174.12
Equivalent mass of oxalic acid
The Formula of oxalic acid is H2C2O4.2H2O.
Therefore, the equivalent weight of the acid is
molecular weight (126 g/mol) divided by n-factor (which is the valency=2)
Therefore, 126/2 = 63.
The equivalent weight or mass of oxalic acid is 63
Equivalent weight of acetic acid
The molecular weight of CH3COOH=60.05g/mol, C has a weight of
12.01(×2)=24.02gram, and H has a wt of 1.01(×4)=4.04grams And O has a wt of 16(×2)=32g grams; 24.02+4.04+32=28.06+ 32=60.06 grams .
Equivalent weight of CaCO3
The total mass of CaCO3=40g+12g+48g=100g
Then, the equivalent mass of CaCO3 is 100g/2=50g.
Equivalent weight of oxygen
Molecular mass of O2 = 32; Valency = 2
Eq. weight = 32/2 = 16
Equivalent weight of EDTA (Disodium)
Chemical Formula [(HO2CCH2-)(NaO2CCH2-)N-CH2]2·2H2O
Formula Weight 372.24
Equivalent Weight 186.12 (Molar = 2 Normal)
Equivalent weight of Sodium Chloride
Equivalent weight=gram formula mass/valency molecular weight =58.5 so, 58.5/1 =58.5 equivalent weight of nacl=58.5.
Equivalent weight of Sodium Carbonate
Equivalent weight = molecule weight/n-factor = Molecular weight/2
This way, equivalent of Na₂CO₃ = 106/2 = 53
Molecular weight of Silver
Molecular Weight: 107.868 g/mol
Equivalent weight of Copper
The equivalent weight of copper is 31.8 g/eq
Equivalent weight of CuSO4
equivalent mass of CuSO4 as 159.609/2 = 79.804 gm/mol.
Equivalent weight of KMnO4
Molar mass of KMnO4=158.04 g/mol
Equivalent weight of KMnO4 = 158.04/5 = 31.61 grams/equivalent
Molecular weight of Acetanilide
Molecular Formula: C8H9NO
Molecular Weight: 135.16 g/mol
Equivalent weight of H3PO4
The molecular weight of phosphoric acid is; (3+31+16*4)gram/mol = 98 gram/mol. Now EQUIVALENT WEIGHT = 98/3 gram/equivalent = 32.67 gram/equivalents.
Equivalent weight of AgNO3
AgNO3 – Mol. mass = 108 + 14 + 48 = 170g/mole !!! Equivalent weight = molar wt. / n- factor !!! and n factor for AgNO3 is 1 !!! so its Equivalent weight =170g/equivalent.
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